Researchers from McGill University and Université Laval surveyed Canadians on their tolerance for radical forms of environmental activism. The study reports that support is not uniform: it varies with several factors, and young, eco-anxious Canadians were the most likely to back disruptive tactics.

The overall picture, however, is one of limits. Canadians as a whole do not support vandalism or violence as forms of protest, according to the findings, which are published in the Canadian Journal of Political Science.