The change means independent travellers to Mainland China should exercise increased caution. The advisory cites arbitrary enforcement of local laws, including exit bans. For Hong Kong, the same Level 2 caution applies due to arbitrary enforcement of local laws. Macau is different: the advisory says to reconsider travel because of limited ability to provide emergency consular services, while also noting increased caution for arbitrary enforcement. Travellers should check the specific risks for each jurisdiction.