Researchers at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons report that new gene-editing techniques can accurately edit genes in human embryos. The work describes base editing that can reach all cells, but it also causes unpredictable genetic changes.

The report says the techniques give scientists indispensable tools for understanding normal human development. It also uncovered important risks that currently preclude use of the techniques in the clinic.

How often the unpredictable changes occur, and what they mean for safety, remains an open question.